flags of the world

Capital Cities of European Countries

European Capitals with Explanation

The European continent comprises of 44 countries recognized by the UN and four other dependent territories and each of these have their own capital cities. Thus, the European continent in total comprises of 48 capital cities. The capital city or just the capital of a country is the municipality that holds primary status within the country, province or state or any other administrative area that often comprises of its government’s seat. This makes the principal cities of the countries one of the best places to live. The top rated capitals of Europe in terms of quality of life are Copenhagen, Vienna, Berlin and Stockholm. For travel, the French Paris and the British London are amongst the most visited capital cities of Europe followed by the Amsterdam and Rome.Capital cities of Europe like Lisbon, Budapest, Prague are the interesting places to visit for all those seeking for an affordable travel spot with fascinating architecture as well as famous tourist attraction spots with comparatively lower cost of living. All the national capital cities in Europe be it London, Rome or Paris are considered to be the cultural, historical, political and financial powerhouses of one’s respective nations.

List of European Capitals - Updated List 2024

Country Capital Language/Currency/Time Zone/ Calling Code
Albania Tirana
  • The official language of the nation is Albanian
  • The currency used is Lek.
  • The calling code is +355
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Andorra Andorra La Vella
  • The official language of the nation is Catalan
  • The currency used is the Euro.
  • The calling code is +376
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Austria Vienna
  • The official language of the nation is German
  • The currency used is the Euro.
  • The calling code is +43
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Belarus Minsk
  • The official language of the nation is Belarusian
  • The currency used is Ruble.
  • The calling code is +375
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
Belgium Brussels
  • The official language of the nation is Dutch & French
  • The currency used is the Euro.
  • The calling code is +32
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo
  • The official language of the nation is Bosnian
  • The currency used is Marka.
  • The calling code is +387
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Bulgaria Sofia
  • The official language of the nation is Bulgarian
  • The currency used is Lev.
  • The calling code is +359
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.  
Croatia Zagreb
  • The official language of the nation is Croatian
  • The currency used is Kuna.
  • The calling code is +385
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Czech Republic Prague
  • The official language of the nation is Czech
  • The currency used is Koruna.
  • The calling code is +420
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours
Denmark Copenhagen
  • The official language of the nation is Danish
  • The currency used is Krone.
  • The calling code is +45
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.   
Estonia Tallinn
  • The official language of the nation is Estonian
  • The currency used is the Euro.
  • The calling code is +372
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
Finland Paris
  • The official language of the nation is Finnish
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +358
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.  
France Helsinki
  • The official language of the nation is French
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +33
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Germany Berlin
  • The official language of the nation is German
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +49
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Greece Athens
  • The official language of the nation is Greek
  • The currency used is the Euro.
  • The calling code is +30
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
Holy See Vatican City
  • The official language of the nation in Latin, French and German
  • The currency used is the Euro.
  • The calling code is +379
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Hungary Budapest
  • The official language of the nation is Hungarian
  • The currency used is Forint.
  • The calling code is +36
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Iceland Reykjavik
  • The official language of the nation is Icelandic
  • The currency used is Krona.
  • The calling code is +354
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +0 hours.
Iceland Reykjavik
  • The official language of the nation is Icelandic
  • The currency used is Krona.
  • The calling code is +354
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +0 hours.
Ireland Dublin
  • The official language of the nation is English
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +353
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +1 hours.
Italy Rome
  • The official language of the nation is Italian
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +39
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Latvia Riga
  • The official language of the nation is Latvian
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +371
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
Liechtenstein Vaduz
  • The official language of the nation is German
  • The currency used is Franc.
  • The calling code is +423
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Lithuania Vilnius
  • The official language of the nation is Lithuanian
  • The currency used is Franc.
  • The calling code is +370
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
Luxembourg Luxembourg
  • The official language of the nation is Luxembourgish
  • The currency used is Franc.
  • The calling code is +352
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Macedonia Skopje
  • The official language of the nation is Macedonian.
  • the currency used is Denar.
  • The calling code is +389
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Malta Valletta
  • The official language of the nation is Maltese
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +356
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Moldova Chisinau
  • The official language of the nation is Moldovan
  • The currency used is Leu.
  • The calling code is +373
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
Monaco Monaco
  • The official language of the nation is French
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +377 UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Montenegro Podgorica
  • The official language of the nation is Montenegrin
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +382
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Netherlands Amsterdam
  • The official language of the nation is Montenegrin
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +31
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Norway Oslo
  • The official language of the nation is Norwegian
  • The currency used is Krone.
  • The calling code is +47
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Poland Warsaw
  • The official language of the nation is Polish
  • The currency used is Zloty.
  • The calling code is +48
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Portugal Lisbon
  • The official language of the nation is Portuguese
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +351
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +1 hours.
Romania Bucharest
  • The official language of the nation is Romanian
  • The currency used is Leu.
  • The calling code is +40
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
Russia Moscow
  • The official language of the nation is Russian
  • The currency used is Ruble.
  • The calling code is +7
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
San Marino San Marino
  • The official language of the nation is Italian
  • The currency used is Euro.
  • The calling code is +378
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Serbia Belgrade
  • The official language of the nation is Serbian
  • The currency Euro.
  • The calling code is +381
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Slovakia Bratislava
  • The official language of the nation is Slovak
  • The currency Euro.
  • The calling code is +421 UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Slovenia Ljubljana
  • The official language of the nation is Slovenian
  • The currency Euro.
  • The calling code is +386 UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Spain Madrid
  • The official language of the nation is Spanish
  • The currency Euro.
  • The calling code is +34
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Sweden Stockholm
  • The official language of the nation is Swedish
  • The currency Krona.
  • The calling code is +46 UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Switzerland Berne
  • The official language of the nation is German
  • The currency Franc.
  • The calling code is +41
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +2 hours.
Ukraine Kyiv
  • The official language of the nation is Ukrainian
  • The currency Hryvnia.
  • The calling code is +380
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +3 hours.
United Kingdom London
  • The official language of the nation is English
  • The currency Pound.
  • The calling code is +44
  • UTC/GMT standard time followed is +1 hours.

Ancient History of Europe

The world’s European region has been inhabited before 2000 BC while the Indo-European tribes invaded the area by 1800 BC. The Greeks and Phoenicians are supposed to be establishing the Mediterranean Sea during the European age in 1200 BC. Later for Europe, this Mediterranean colonization formed to be the central point of development. The European continent marks the birth of the western civilization. The building blocks of the future societies across the world that include ideas of democracy, philosophy, humanism and rationalism have emerged from Greece. During the 2nd century the advanced legal as well as political system along with engineering and architectural developments came into existence from the Roman Empire. By 1000 AD Christianity spread across the European continent and it gradually became one of the most widely practiced religions in the world. During the Renaissance period, the Europe contributed to the art field, philosophy, sciences and music. By the time of 15th century, the European explorers established international trade routes, formed colonies and spread their colonies all around the world. Thus, since historic times Europe has been one of the most influential continent of the world and is till date. Many historic cities of Europe still continue to hold the critical roles. These ancient urban areas of Europe form the major capital cities of Europe and these are full of history that narrates about one of the major influential powers across the world.

Most visited Capital cities of Europe

Rome

The Capital city of Italy i.e. Rome is one of the ancient capital cities of Europe. This is the ancient capital city with a population of about 2.9 million and 2,500 years old history. Though the region was inhabited by the Indo-European tribes prior to the invasion of the Romans, still Rome became an important city being the capital of the Roman empire. Rome, the capital city of Europe played a significant role in spreading Catholicism providing the world with its first metropolis model. From first century to 8th century AD the city was ruled by Pope i.e. till 1870 when it became the capital of the Papal States. Rome being the centre of Italian Renaissance has always held the place as a global cultural centre and has eventually brought Neoclassicism and Baroque style. At present, Rome is one of the most popular tourist destinations of Italy and also ranks 14th amongst the list of most visited cities of the world. Rome hosts large international organizations like the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and also the World Food Programme. It is also the centre for government administration.

London

The capital city of England i.e. London is the most important of all the capital cities of Europe. The first major development of the city was made by the Roman invaders during 43 AD thought the scientists had discovered the inhabitants in the region during 4500 BC. The British Celtic Iceni tribe led an uprising during 61 AD and was then burned into the ground. Later in 100 AD Romans rebuilt a Roman Province called Britannia which had London as its capital city and it was also one of the largest city in that region. Protestantism in the late 1400’s became one of the most widely practiced religion that spread towards North America through British colonizers during the 16th and 17th centuries. Currently, London is the one of the most visited cities globally and is a global financial center. London is assumed to be the principle city of arts, entertainment, fashion, education and commerce.

Paris

The capital city of France i.e. Paris is heavily populated with around 12 millions of inhabitants. At first the Parisii tribe inhabited the city during 3rd century and in 52 BC this was conquered by the Roman invaders. After the fall of the Rome, Paris became a significant urban centre for France. By the end of 900 AD under the Frankian rule both the economy as well as the population of the city showed a considerable growth. Later Paris was established as the religious, political, economic and cultural capital of France by the end of 12th century.During 1700’s the city witnessed the Age of Enlightenment and thus has consistently been the important center for the arts. Many writers and other artists made their homes in Paris during 1900’s. Currently, Paris hosts the world’s most visited art museum in the world known as Louvre. Apart from this around more than 22 million visitors every year come to see the the historical monuments like Eiffel tower, take part in the events like Paris Fashion week and eat French cuisine.

Conclusion

The European continent comprise of 48 capital cities in Europe out of which the capital cities like London, Paris, Amsterdam and Rome are the most visited as well as worldwide recognized capitals of Europe. Other major capitals of European continent are inclusive of: Germany, Berlin, Vatican City, Madrid of Spain, Brussels of Belgium and Athens of Greece. Vatican City is a sovereign independent state within Rome and the country itself is the capital city.